ABSTRACT The growth of online market both from sellers and enthusiasts of online shopping from year to year continues to increase. Consumer shopping preferences are key to successful transactions, both traditionally and online. Sellers need to be aware of their target consumer profile in deciding that sales are developed into the online market and remain within the traditional market. To analyze the customer preferences of online shopping, a total of 200 respondents in Medan City, North Sumatera Province, participated in this study. The predictor variables proposed in this study are the demographics and ownership of online shopping applications. The results indicate that online shopping decisions are strongly influenced by sex factors, income levels and online shopping applications. Factors of everyday life, age and education do not significantly affect shopping preferences both online and traditional. Keywords: Preference, Online Shopping, Traditional Market, Demographics, Application

Evidence suggests that consumers often hesitate to transact with Web-based vendors because of uncertainty about vendor behavior or the perceived risk of having personal information stolen by hackers. Trust plays a central role in helping consumers overcome perceptions of risk and insecurity. Trust makes consumers comfortable sharing personal information, making purchases, and acting on Web vendor advice—behaviors essential to widespread adoption of e-commerce. Therefore, trust is critical to both researchers and practitioners. Prior research on e-commerce trust has used diverse, incomplete, and inconsistent definitions of trust, making it difficult to compare results across studies. This paper contributes by proposing and validating measures for a multidisciplinary, multidimensional model of trust in e-commerce. The model includes four high-level constructs—disposition to trust, institution-based trust, trusting beliefs, and trusting intentions—which are further delineated into 16 measurable, literature-grounded subconstructs. The psychometric properties of the measures are demonstrated through use of a hypothetical, legal advice Web site. The results show that trust is indeed a multidimensional concept. Proposed relationships among the trust constructs are tested (for internal nomological validity), as are relationships between the trust constructs and three other e-commerce constructs (for external nomological validity)—Web experience, personal innovativeness, and Web site quality. Suggestions for future research as well as implications for practice are discussed. (Trust; Trusting Beliefs; Trusting Intentions; Institution-Based Trust; Disposition to Trust; eCommerce; Measure; Site Quality; Disposition; Nomological Network; Web Vendor)

Abstract Over the past few decades, outsourcing has become a widely discussed and researched means for firms to change their performance. In this article, we attempt to link outsourcing to the market success of firms, specifically their market share. We argue that although firms may be able to increase their market share through outsourcing, this is only true up to a point, beyond which market share actually decreases as a consequence of further outsourcing. There is, in other words, a negatively curvilinear (inverted U) relationship between outsourcing and market share. We also hypothesize that the outsourcing–market share relationship is moderated negatively by both the strength of firm resources and the extent of competition in a firm‘s market. We empirically confirm these arguments through a panel data analysis containing over 19,000 observations on manufacturing firms, and offer some case examples to illustrate the mechanisms driving these results. We discuss implications for marketing research and practice. Keywords Outsourcing . Marketing performance . Market share . Resources . Competition